Samarium(III) Oxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Sm2O3. It is a highly insoluble thermally stable Samarium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Samarium oxide readily forms on the surface of samarium metal under humid conditions or temperatures in excess of 150°C in dry air. The oxide is commonly white to off yellow in color and is often encountered as a highly fine dust like pale yellow powder, which is insoluble in water.

Scandium(III) Oxide or scandia is a inorganic compound with formula Sc2O3. The appearance is fine white powder of cubic system. It has different expressions like scandium trioxide, scandium(III) oxide and scandium sesquioxide. Its physico-chemical properties are very close to other rare earth oxides like La2O3, Y2O3 and Lu2O3. It is one of several oxides of rare earth elements with a high melting point. Based on present technology, Sc2O3/TREO could be 99.999% at highest. It is soluble in hot acid, however insoluble in water.

Lutetium(III) Oxide (Lu2O3), also known as lutecia, is a white solid and a cubic compound of lutetium. It is a highly insoluble thermally stable Lutetium source, which has a cubic crystal structure and available in white powder form. This rare earth metal oxide exhibits favorable physical properties, such as a high melting point (around 2400°C), phase stability, mechanical strength, hardness, thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion. It is suitable for specialty glasses, optic and ceramic applications. It is also used as the important raw materials for laser crystals.

Yttrium Oxide, also known as Yttria, is an excellent mineralizing agent for spinel formation. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. It has a high melting point(2450oC), chemical stability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high transparency for both visible (70%) and infrared (60%) light, low cut off energy of photons. It is suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.

Ytterbium(III) Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Ytterbium source, which is a chemical compound with the formula Yb2O3. It is one of the more commonly encountered compounds of ytterbium. It is usually used for glass, optic and ceramic applications.

Thulium(III) Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Thulium source, which is a pale green solid compound with the formula Tm2O3. It is suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.

Erbium(III) Oxide, is synthesized from the lanthanide metal erbium. Erbium oxide is a light pink powder in appearance. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in mineral acids. Er2O3 is hygroscopic and will readily absorb moisture and CO2 from the atmosphere. It is a highly insoluble thermally stable Erbium source suitable for glass, optical, and ceramic applications. Erbium Oxide can be also used as a flammable neutron poison for nuclear fuel.

Holmium(III) oxide, or holmium oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable Holmium source. It is a chemical compound of a rare-earth element holmium and oxygen with the formula Ho2O3. Holmium oxide occurs in small quantities in the minerals monazite, gadolinite, and in other rare-earth minerals. Holmium metal easily oxidizes in air; therefore presence of holmium in nature is synonymous with that of holmium oxide. It is suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications.

As one of the rare earth oxide families, Dysprosium Oxide or dysprosia with chemical composition Dy2O3, is a sesquioxide compound of the rare earth metal dysprosium, and also a highly insoluble thermally stable Dysprosium source. It is a pastel yellowish-greenish, slightly hygroscopic powder, which has specialized uses in ceramics, glass, phosphors, lasers.

Terbium(III,IV) Oxide, occasionally called tetraterbium heptaoxide, has the formula Tb4O7, is a highly insoluble thermally stable Terbium source. Tb4O7 is one of the main commercial terbium compounds, and the only such product containing at least some Tb(IV) (terbium in the +4 oxidation state), along with the more stable Tb(III). It is produced by heating the metal oxalate, and it is used in the preparation of other terbium compounds. Terbium forms three other major oxides: Tb2O3, TbO2, and Tb6O11.

Gadolinium(III) Oxide (archaically gadolinia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Gd2 O3, which is the most available form of the pure gadolinium and the oxide form of one of the rare earth metal gadolinium. Gadolinium oxide is also known as gadolinium sesquioxide, gadolinium trioxide and Gadolinia. The color of the gadolinium oxide is white. Gadolinium oxide is odorless, not soluble in water, but soluble in acids.

Europium(III) Oxide (Eu2O3) is a chemical compound of europium and oxygen. Europium oxide has also other names as Europia, Europium trioxide. Europium oxide has a pinkish white color. Europium oxide has two different structures: cubic and monoclinic. The cubic structured europium oxide is almost same as magnesium oxide structure. Europium oxide has negligible solubility in water, but readily dissolves in mineral acids. Europium oxide is thermally stable material that has melting point at 2350 oC. Europium oxide’s multi-efficient properties like magnetic, optical and luminescence properties make this material very important. Europium oxide has an ability to absorb moisture and carbon dioxide in atmosphere.

Lanthanum Oxide, also known as a highly insoluble thermally stable Lanthanum source, is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen. It is suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications, and used in some ferroelectric materials, and is a feedstock for certain catalysts, among other uses.

Neodymium(III) Oxide or neodymium sesquioxide is the chemical compound composed of neodymium and oxygen with the formula Nd2O3. It is soluble in acid and insoluble in water. It forms very light grayish-blue hexagonal crystals.The rare-earth mixture didymium, previously believed to be an element, partially consists of neodymium(III) oxide. Neodymium Oxide is a highly insoluble thermally stable neodymium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Primary applications include lasers, glass coloring and tinting, and dielectrics. Neodymium Oxide is also available in pellets, pieces, sputtering targets, tablets, and nanopowder.

Praseodymium (III,IV) Oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Pr6O11 that is insoluble in water. It has a cubic fluorite structure. It is the most stable form of praseodymium oxide at ambient temperature and pressure.It is a highly insoluble thermally stable Praseodymium source suitable for glass, optic and ceramic applications. Praseodymium(III,IV) Oxide is generally High Purity (99.999%) Praseodymium(III,IV) Oxide (Pr2O3) Powder lately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.

Cerium(III) Oxalate (Cerous Oxalate) is the inorganic cerium salt of oxalic acid, which is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated (calcined). It is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula of Ce2(C2O4)3. It could be obtained by the reaction of oxalic acid with cerium(III) chloride.

Cerium(IV) Hydroxide, also known as ceric hydroxide, is a highly water insoluble crystalline Cerium source for uses compatible with higher (basic) pH environments. It is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ce(OH)4. It is a yellowish powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in concentrated acids.

Cerium(III) Carbonate Ce2(CO3)3, is the salt formed by cerium(III) cations and carbonate anions. It is a water insoluble Cerium source that can easily be converted to other Cerium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcin0ation). Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.

Cerium Oxide, also known as cerium dioxide, Cerium(IV) Oxide or cerium dioxide, is an oxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a pale yellow-white powder with the chemical formula CeO2. It is an important commercial product and an intermediate in the purification of the element from the ores. The distinctive property of this material is its reversible conversion to a non-stoichiometric oxide.

Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6, also called lanthanum boride and LaB) is an inorganic chemical, a boride of lanthanum. As refractory ceramic material that has a melting point of 2210 °C, Lanthanum Boride is highly insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, and converts to the oxide when heated (calcined). Stoichiometric samples are colored intense purple-violet, while boron-rich ones (above LaB6.07) are blue. Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) is known for its hardness, mechanical strength, thermionic emission, and strong plasmonic properties. Recently, a new moderate-temperature synthetic technique was developed to directly synthesize LaB6 nanoparticles.